'Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) continue to cause deaths and injuries, endanger communities, and undermine both development and recovery across conflict and crime-affected contexts. Attacks on civilian infrastructure, such as bridges, roads, and communication towers, isolate communities, prevent humanitarian actors from reaching those in need, and weaken the relationship between citizens and their security providers. IED use therefore not only constitutes a security issue but also disrupts humanitarian action, constrains development, and destabilizes peace efforts.